布達拉宮 Tibet Potala Palace

“布達拉”系舟島，是梵音譯，又譯作“普陀羅”或“普陀”，原指觀世音菩薩所居之島。拉薩布達拉宮俗稱第二普陀羅山。

布達拉宮海拔3700多米，佔地總面積36萬餘平方米，建築總面積13萬餘平方米，主樓高117米，共13層，其中宮殿、靈塔殿、佛殿、經堂、僧捨、庭院等一應俱全，是當今世上海拔最高、規模最大的宮堡式建築群。

布達拉宮依山壘砌，群樓重迭，殿宇嵯峨，氣勢雄偉，有橫空出世、氣貫蒼穹之勢，堅實墩厚的花崗石牆體，松茸平展的白瑪草牆領，金碧輝煌的金頂，具有強烈裝飾效果的巨大鎏金寶瓶、幢和紅幡，交相映輝，紅、白黃3種色彩的鮮明對比，分部合築、層層套接的建築型體，都體現了藏族古建築迷人的特色。布達拉宮是藏建築的傑出代表，也是中華民族古建築的精華之作。

布達拉宮是歷世達賴喇嘛的冬宮，也是過去西藏地方統治者政教合一的統治中心，從五世達賴喇嘛起，重大的宗教、政治儀式均在此舉行，同時又是供奉歷世達賴喇嘛靈塔的地方。

布達拉宮主體建築為白宮和紅宮。

白宮，是達賴喇嘛的冬宮，也曾是原西藏地方政府辦事機構所在地，高7層。位於第4層中央的東有寂圓滿大殿（措慶夏司西平措），是布達拉宮白宮最大的殿堂，面積717平方米，這裡是達賴嘛嘛坐床、新政大典等重大宗教和政治活動場所。第5、6兩層是攝政辦公和生活用房等。最高處第7層有兩套達賴喇嘛冬季的起居宮，由於這裡終日陽光普照，故稱東、西日光殿。

紅宮，主要是達賴喇嘛的靈塔殿和各類佛殿：共有8座存放各世達賴喇嘛法體的靈塔，其中以五世達賴喇嘛靈塔殿為最大。西有寂圓滿大殿（措慶努司平措）是五世達賴喇嘛靈塔殿的享堂，也是布達拉宮最大的殿堂，面積725平方米，內壁滿繪壁畫。其中，五世達賴喇嘛去京覲見清順治皇帝的壁畫是最著名的。殿內達賴喇嘛寶座上方高懸清乾隆皇帝御書“湧蓮初地”匾額。法王洞（曲吉竹普）等部分建築是吐蕃時期遺存的布達拉宮最早的建築物，內有極為珍貴的松贊干布、文成公主、尺尊公主和祿東贊等人的塑像。殊勝三界殿，是紅宮最高的殿堂。現供有清乾隆皇帝畫像及十三世達賴喇嘛花費萬餘兩白銀鑄成的一尊十一面觀音像。十三世達賴喇嘛靈塔殿，是布達拉宮最晚的建築，1933年動工，3年建成。此外還有上師殿、普賢追隨殿、響銅殿、時輪殿、釋迦能仁殿、釋迦百行殿、花師殿、菩提道次第殿、持明殿、世襲殿等殿堂。

This ancient architectural complex is considered a model of Tibetan architecture. Located on the Red Hill in Lhasa, Tibet, it is 3,700 meters above sea level and covers an area of over 360,000 square meters, measuring 360 meters from east to west and 270 meters from south to north. The palace has 13 stories, and is 117 meters high.

In 641, Songtsan Gambo, ruler of the Tubo Kingdom, had the Potala Palace built for Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, whom he was soon to marry. This structure was later burned to the ground during a war and was rebuilt in the 17th century by the Fifth Dalai Lama. Repeated repairs and expansions until 1645 finally brought the palace to its present scale. Over the past three centuries, the palace gradually became a place where the Dalai Lama lived and worked and a place for keeping the remains of successive Dalai Lama.

The stone-and-wood-structured Potala Palace consists of the White Palace and Red Palace. The White Palace, comprising halls, temples and courtyards, serves as the living quarters of the Dalai Lama. The Red Palace includes various chambers for worshipping Buddha and chambers housing the eight stupa that contain the remains of fifth through thirteenth Dalai Lama. All the stupas are covered with gold foil. The most magnificent stupa belongs to the fifth Dalai Lama. It is 14.85 meters tall and inlaid with pearl and jade. The palace also collected a large number of sculptures, murals, scripture and other valuable cultural relics.

In 1994, the palace joined the list of world cultural heritage sites.


鏈接：
拉薩旅遊景點  Lhasa Destination
拉薩風光圖片  Lhasa Photos
西藏風景圖庫  Tibet  Photos